第2页
AngularJS
the performance parts
@toddmotto
第3页
» Lead Engineer @ Mozio » Google Developer Expert » @toddmotto » Blog at toddmotto.com
第4页
Topics
» New features (1.2 - 1.3+) » Generic changes » Perf features
» Performance driven Angular » $digest loop/$$watchers/$$asyncQueue » Quick wins, tips and tricks » Structure practices, advanced techniques
第5页
1.2 to 1.3+
第6页
1.2 to 1.3+ generic changes
第7页
» IE8 support dropped » DOM manipulation
» ~4.3 times faster » 73% less garbage » $digest loop » ~3.5 times faster » 78% less garbage » 400+ bug fixes
第8页
1.2 to 1.3+ perf features
第9页
» One-time bind syntax » ngModelOptions » bindToController property » ngModel.$validators » ngMessage/ngMessages » strictDI » $applyAsync in $http » Disable debug info
第10页
one time bindings
<p>{{ ::vm.name }}</p>
<p ng-bind="::vm.name"></p>
<div ng-if="::vm.user.loggedIn"></div>
<div ng-class="::{ loggedIn: vm.user.loggedIn }"></div>
<ul> <li ng-repeat="user in ::vm.users"> {{ ::user.name }} </li>
</ul>
第11页
one time bindings
» Defined with :: » $watched until not "undefined" » $$watcher is unbound » Will not update upon Model changes » One-time, not one-way » Great for single static rendering
第12页
ng-Model-Options
<!-- updateOn --> <input
type="text" ng-model="vm.model" ng-model-options="{
updateOn: 'default blur' }">
第13页
ng-Model-Options
<!-debounce: - example will debounce 250ms when typing - example will update model immediately on "blur" --> <input
type="text" ng-model="vm.model" ng-model-options="{
updateOn: 'default blur', debounce: {
'default': 250, 'blur': 0 } }">
第14页
ng-Model-Options
// directive controller function FooDirCtrl() {
// undo model changes if (condition) {
this.model.$rollbackViewValue(); } }
第15页
ng-Model-Options
» Fine tune how Model updates are done » Define event types » Add debounce to delay Model synchronisation
» e.g. { debounce: 250 } = $digest ~250ms » $rollbackViewValue for undoing model changes
第16页
bindToController
// directive controller function FooDirCtrl() {
this.bar = {}; this.doSomething = function doSomething(arg) {
this.bar.foobar = arg; }.bind(this); }
第17页
bindToController
// directive controller function FooDirCtrl($scope) {
this.bar = {}; this.doSomething = function doSomething(arg) {
this.bar.foobar = arg; // reference the isolate property $scope.name = arg.prop; }.bind(this); }
第18页
bindToController
function fooDirective() { return { ... scope: {}, bindToController: { name: '=' }, ... };
}
第19页
bindToController
// directive controller function FooDirCtrl() {
this.bar = {}; this.doSomething = function doSomething(arg) {
this.bar.foobar = arg; // reference the isolate property this.name = arg.prop; }.bind(this); }
第20页
bindToController
» Used with "controllerAs" (class-like) » Binds isolate props to the Controller instance
» No $scope » $scope remains "special use only"
» Not used for data » Used for $watch/$on/etc
第21页
ngModel.$validators
// old school function visaValidator() {
var VISA_REGEXP = /^4[0-9]{12}(?:[0-9]{3})?$/; function link($scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
ngModel.$parsers.unshift(function (value) { var valid = VISA_REGEXP.test(value); ngModel.$setValidity('visaValidator', valid); return valid ? value : undefined;
}); } return { require : 'ngModel', link : link }; }
angular.module('app').directive('visaValidator', visaValidator);
第22页
ngModel.$validators
// new school function visaValidator() {
var VISA_REGEXP = /^4[0-9]{12}(?:[0-9]{3})?$/; function link($scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
ngModel.$validators.visaValidator = function (value) { return VISA_REGEXP.test(value); // Boolean
}; } return { require : 'ngModel', link : link }; }
angular.module('app').directive('visaValidator', visaValidator);
第23页
ngModel.$validators
<form name="myForm"> <label> <input type="text" ng-model="myForm.card" visa-validator> <div ng-if="myForm.myPassword.$error.visaValidator"> Not a valid VISA format! </div> </label>
</form>
第24页
ngModel.$validators
» ngModel.$validators Object » Instead of $parsers/$formatters » Return a Boolean from the bound function » Use with the $error Object in the View
第25页
ngMessage/ngMessages
<form name="myForm"> <label> Enter email: <input type="text" ng-model="field" name="myField" required ng-minlength="5" ng-maxlength="100"> </label> <div ng-messages="myForm.myField.$error" role="alert"> <div ng-message="required"> You did not enter a field </div> <div ng-message="minlength, maxlength"> Your email must be between 5 and 100 characters long </div> </div>
</form>
第26页
ngMessage/ngMessages
» Conditional validation » ngModel.$error Object » Acts like a switch case
第27页
strictDI
<div ng-app="myApp" ng-strict-di> <!-- app -->
</div>
第28页
strictDI
// implicit annotation function SomeService($scope, $timeout) {
//... }
angular .module('app') .factory('SomeService', SomeService);
第29页
strictDI
function SomeService($scope, $timeout) { //...
}
// Array annotations SomeService.$inject = ['$scope', '$timeout'];
angular .module('app') .factory('SomeService', SomeService);
第30页
strictDI
» Runs the application's $injector in strict mode
» Throws an error on Services using implicit annotations
» Use ng-annotate to automate this process
第31页
$applyAsync with $http
function config($httpProvider) { $httpProvider.useApplyAsync(true);
} angular
.module('app', []) .config(config);
More:
blog.thoughtram.io/angularjs/2015/01/14/exploring-angular-1.3-speed-up-with-applyAsync.html
第32页
$applyAsync with $http
» Enables $applyAsync to be used with $http » Schedules an async $apply for batched requests
» For requests that resolve within ~10ms » Pushes into $$asyncQueue » Single $digest
第33页
Disable debug info
function config($compileProvider) { $compileProvider.debugInfoEnabled(false);
} angular
.module('app', []) .config(config);
第34页
Disable debug info
<!-- enabled --> <div ng-controller="MainCtrl as vm" class="ng-scope ng-binding">
<my-directive class="ng-isolate-scope"> // content
</my-directive> </div>
<!-- disabled --> <div ng-controller="MainCtrl as vm">
<my-directive> // content
</my-directive> </div>
第35页
Disable debug info
» Disable in production for performance boosts » Removes $scope references on elements » Doesn't add classes to DOM nodes with binding info » Enable in console with
angular.reloadWithDebugInfo();
第36页
Performance driven Angular
第37页
Understand what impacts
performance
before you code
第38页
Under the hood: $digest
第39页
$digest fundamentals
» $digest loop » $$watchers ($watch) » $$asyncQueue ($evalAsync)
第48页
$digest: $digest loop
» Triggered by $scope.$apply / built-in events » Iterates $$watchers Array on $scope » If model value is different from last calculated
then corresponding listener executes » Exits loop, Angular loops again (10 max) » Repaints DOM (View expressions updated)
第49页
$digest: $$watchers
» View events/bindings {{ foo }} » Angular adds a watch to the $watch list » Only $watched if bound in the View » Dirty checked in the $digest loop » Minimise use of $$watchers / avoid if possible
第50页
$digest: $$asyncQueue
» $evalAsync » Runs first in $digest » May run $digest again to flush $$asyncQueue
第51页
track by
Scenarios: * Large DOM lists * Slow DOM updates * $digests blocking UI thread (lagging)
第52页
track by
<!-- before --> <ul>
<li ng-repeat="user in vm.users"> {{ user.name }}
</li> </ul>
第53页
track by
<!-- after --> <ul>
<li ng-repeat="user in vm.users track by user.id"> {{ user.name }}
</li> </ul>
第54页
track by
» Minimal DOM repaints (only what's changed) » Uses Object references instead of Angular hashes
第55页
ng-if / switch vs ng-show / hide
<!-- ng-show --> <ul ng-show="vm.exposeNav">
<li ng-repeat="menu in vm.menus"></li> </ul>
<!-- ng-if --> <ul ng-if="vm.exposeNav">
<li ng-repeat="menu in vm.menus"></li> </ul>
第56页
ng-if / switch vs ng-show / hide
» ng-if/switch reconstruct the DOM » ng-if/switch for less frequent/heavier rendering » ng-show/hide toggle "ng-hide" class » ng-show/hide for more frequent/lighter rendering » ng-show/hide less performant due to $$watchers
(when hidden)
第57页
ng-bind over {{ handlebars }}
<!-- handlebars --> <p>{{ vm.username }}</p>
<!-- ng-bind --> <p ng-bind="vm.username"></p>
<!-- perf example --> <p>
Welcome <span ng-bind="vm.username"></span> to Facebook </p>
第58页
ng-bind over {{ handlebars }}
» No DOM flicker (invisible bindings) with ng-bind » Significantly faster
» ng-perf.com/2014/10/30/tip-4-ng-bind-is-fasterthan-expression-bind-and-one-time-bind
» Lesser need for ng-cloak » Angular won't evaluate entire text content
第59页
$apply or $digest?
// forces a $rootScope.$digest(); $scope.$apply();
// forces a [current $scope].$digest(); $scope.$digest();
第60页
$apply or $digest?
» $scope certainties
» Prevent a full $rootScope.$digest() if you're certain only child $scopes need updating
» Improve performance by not forcing a full $rootScope.$digest
» $scope.$digest runs on current and child $scopes
» $scope.$apply triggers $rootScope.$digest call
第61页
$destroy unbinding
function myFunction () { // handle element clicks
}
// bind element.on('click', myFunction); // unbind $scope.$on('$destroy', function () {
element.off('click', myFunction); });
第62页
$destroy unbinding
» Remove event listeners that may cause memory leaks » DOM nodes that are destroyed » Manually unbind by listening to $destroy
» $scope.$on events are automatically removed
第63页
Deep $watch vs $watchCollection
var prop = [{...},{...},{...},{...}];
$scope.$watch('prop', function (newValue, oldValue) {
}, true);
$scope.$watchCollection('prop', function (newValue, oldValue) {
});
第64页
Deep $watch vs $watchCollection
» Deep $watch uses deep Object tree comparison (expensive)
» $watchCollection goes only one level deep » Shallow reference of all top level items » Try not to use either unless you have to
» Not as testable » Signs of bad architecture » Litter Controllers
第65页
avoiding DOM filters
<!-- vm.date = 1444175093303 --> <p>{{ vm.date | date: 'dd-MM-yyyy' }}</p>
第66页
avoiding DOM filters
function SomeCtrl($filter) { // date passed in elsewhere var time = 1444175093303; // Parsed in JS before bound to the DOM this.parsedDate = $filter('date')(time, 'dd-MM-yyyy');
}
angular .module('app') .controller('SomeCtrl', SomeCtrl);
第67页
avoiding DOM filters
<p>{{ vm.parsedDate }}</p>
第68页
avoiding DOM filters
» DOM filters run twice per $digest » Preprocess in a Controller » Bind parsed value to the View
第69页
Takeaways
» Understand the $digest loop
» Investigate the performance side of each Directive/API you use
» Consider using JavaScript over DOM bindings where possible ($filter etc.)
» Check Angular's GitHub repo for changelogs/ releases
第70页
Thank you
@toddmotto speakerdeck.com/toddmotto