第1页
Effective ES6
@teppeis
YAPC::Asia Tokyo 2015 Aug 21
第2页
Hello!
• Teppei Sato, @teppeis • Cybozu, Inc. / kintone • This is my first and last YAPC :)
第3页
I created
第4页
http://cybozushiki.cybozu.co.jp/articles/m000978.html
第5页
kintone.com
第6页
MUST BUY!
第7页
Today talk about:
• Introduce ES6 features
• Deprecated best-practice/patterns
• What’s ES2016, ES2017… • How to use ES6 from now
第8页
Background
第9页
“My solution to the challenging requirements and crazy-short schedule was to make JavaScript extremely malleable from the start.”
–Brendan Eich
from Effective JavaScript
https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsconf/4587502948/
第10页
“JavaScript: The world’s most misunderstood programming language”
–Douglas Crockford
2001, http://www.crockford.com/javascript/javascript.html
https://www.flickr.com/photos/charliebrewer/2897862701/
第11页
JavaScript has many pitfalls…
• Prototype inheritance (No class) • new, this • Function scope (No block scope) • Global variables (No module system) • Hoisting • NaN, undefined • typeof null • with, eval
第12页
Example: No Class
• Use Prototype to emulate Classes
function Person(name) { this.name = name;
} Person.prototype.greet = function() {
console.log("Hello, I'm " + this.name); }; var bob = new Person("Bob"); bob.greet(); // "Hello, I'm Bob"
第13页
If you miss "new", dangerous!
function Person(name) { this.name = name;
}
// Oh! You forget `new` var bob = Person("Bob"); console.log(bob); // undefined
// Global leak!!!!!!!!!! console.log(window.name); // "Bob"
第14页
We've made best-practices a.k.a. “work around”
第19页
Practice: Be sure to call with "new"
function Person(name) { // check! if (this instanceof Person) { return new Person(name); } this.name = name;
} // without `new` var bob = Person("Bob"); bob.greet(); // "Hello, I'm Bob"
第20页
ES6!
第21页
ECMAScript 6
• Published on June 17, 2015
• Formally "ECMAScript 2015" • 6 years! from ES5
第22页
ECMAScript 6
• Modern syntax fixing pitfalls • Better support for large applications • No (or few) breaking changes
第23页
For example: ES6 Classes
第24页
ES6 Classes: Simple!
class Person { constructor(name) { this.name = name; }
greet() { console.log("Hello, I'm " + this.name);
} }
var bob = new Person("Bob"); bob.greet();
// without `new` var bob = Person("Bob"); // Error!
第25页
OUTCOlFaDsAsTeEs! based on Prototype
function Person(name) { this.name = name;
} Person.prototype.greet = function() {
console.log("Hello, I'm " + this.name); }; var bob = new Person("Bob"); bob.greet(); // "Hello, I'm Bob"
第26页
OUTBOeF
DATE!
sure
to
call
with
`new`
function Person(name) { // check! if (this instanceof Person) { return new Person(name); } this.name = name;
} // without `new` var bob = Person("Bob"); bob.greet(); // "Hello, I'm Bob"
第27页
New ES6 features deprecates yesterday’s best-practices No more altJS!
https://www.flickr.com/photos/jorge-11/2765216505/
第28页
Can I use ES6 now?
第29页
ES6 compatibility table
https://kangax.github.io/compat-table/es6/
第30页
You can use ES6 now!
• Modern browsers and io.js (node.js) support half of ES6 features.
• Safari 9 (WebKit) will support many ES6 features soon. • Except for IE11…
第31页
Transpiler and polyfill
• ES6 Transpiler: source code converter from ES6 to ES5/ES3
• ES6 Polyfill: library to provide ES6 built-in classes, functions and objects for ES5/ES3
第32页
Babel
第33页
Babel
• The most compatible (71%) ES6 transpiler • Integrated with core-js (polyfill library) • Usage:
• CLI: npm i -g babel • Browserify: babelify • REPL on the Web (Try it out!)
第34页
Babel REPL on the Web
第35页
ES6 features
第36页
ES6 features
• New syntax • New built-in classes and objects • Improvement of existing classes
第37页
ES6 features
• New syntax • New built-in classes and objects • Improvement of existing classes
第38页
New syntax
• Arrow Function • Classes • Modules • Block Scope (let/const) • Extended Object
Literal • Default Params • Rest Params • Spread Operator
• Destructuring • Iterator • Generator • Template Literal • Tail Call Optimization
第39页
Arrow Function
第40页
Prefer arrow function
// ES5 old function var add = function(a, b) {
return a + b; }; // ES6 arrow function! var add = (a, b) => {
return a + b; }; var add = (a, b) => a + b; var square = n => n * n; // good for array filter chains [1, 2, 3, 4].filter(n => n % 2 === 0).map(n => n * n);
第41页
OUTAOFsDsAiTgEn! “this” to “self”
var john = { name: "John", helloLater: function() { // save `this` as `self` var self = this; setTimeout(function() { // `this` is not available. use `self`. console.log("Hello, I'm " + self.name); }, 1000); }
} john.helloLater(); // "Hello, I'm John" after 1sec
第42页
Arrow function don’t need "self"
let john = { name: "John", helloLater: function() { // use arrow function setTimeout(() => { // `this` is available here! console.log("Hello, I'm " + this.name); }, 1000); }
} john.helloLater(); // "Hello, I'm John" after 1sec
第43页
Classes
第44页
ES6 Classes
class Person { constructor(name) { this.name = name; }
greet() { console.log("Hello, I'm " + this.name);
} }
var bob = new Person("Bob"); bob.greet();
第45页
OUTCOFlaDsATsEe!s based on Prototype
function Person(name) { this.name = name;
} Person.prototype.greet = function() {
console.log("Hello, I'm " + this.name); }; var bob = new Person("Bob"); bob.greet(); // "Hello, I'm Bob"
第46页
OUTHOFaDnAdTEm! ade inheritance function
// handmade function to extend function __extends(child, parent) {
for (var key in parent) { if (Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(parent, key)) { child[key] = parent[key]; }
} function ctor() {
this.constructor = child; } ctor.prototype = parent.prototype; child.prototype = new ctor(); child.__super__ = parent.prototype; return child; }; function Programmer(name, language) { Person.call(this, name); this.language = language; } __extends(Programmer, Person);
第47页
ES6 Class inheritance
• with "extends" and "super" • can extends built-in classes like "Error"
class Programmer extends Person { constructor(name, language) { super(name); this.language = language; }
greet() { super.greet(); console.log("I like " + this.language);
} }
var bob = new Programmer("Bob", "JavaScript"); bob.greet(); // "Hello, I'm Bob" // "I like JavaScript"
第48页
Modules
第49页
OUTMOFoDAdTuE!le pattern
// Global module var myModule = (function () {
// Module object var module = {},
privateVariable = "Hello World";
function privateMethod() { // ...
}
module.publicProperty = "Foobar"; module.publicMethod = function () {
console.log( privateVariable ); };
return module; })();
第50页
OUTCOFoDmATmE! onJS Modules
• node.js/npm friendly • browserify/webpack to build for browser
// import var foo = require('foo'); foo(); // export exports.bar = function() {
console.log('bar'); }
第51页
ES6 Modules
• run anywhere (browsers, node.js…) if ES6 available • easy to parse statically • strict mode by default in modules
// export (./module.js) export var foo = "foo!"; export function bar() {} export class Baz {
baz() {} }
// import import {foo, bar, Baz} from "./module"; console.log(foo); // "foo!" bar(); new Baz();
第52页
OUTWOF rDiAtTeE!“use strict;”
• Strict mode is useful even in ES6. • In ES6 Module, always strict mode! • You don’t have write “use strict;” in ES6 modules.
"use strict"; // Error! with (obj) {} // Error! var obj = {a: 1, a: 1};
第53页
Block Scope (let/const)
第54页
ES5 has only function scope
function foo() { var num = 1; // ... too many statements if (true_condition) { // same scope! overwrite above `num`! var num = 2; // .. some process } console.log(num); // 2 !!!
}
第55页
Weird hoisting
var a = 'outer'; function bar() {
console.log(a); var a = 'inner'; } bar(); // undefined !!!
第56页
Weird hoisting
var a = 'outer'; function bar() {
// hoisting! var a; console.log(a); a = 'inner'; } bar(); // undefined !!!
第57页
OUTPOFlaDAcTeE!“var”s at the top of the scope
• for function scope and hoisting
function init() { // `var` once at the top of the scope! var i, cell, cells = document.getElementsByTagName('td'); for (i = 0; i < cells.length; i++) { cell = cells[i]; cell.addEventListener('click', function() { cell.style.backgroundColor = '#00F'; }, false); }
}
第58页
Use ES6 let or const anytime!
• let and const create block scope • no hoisting • no more "var"!
function foo() { let num = 1; // ... too many statements
if (true_condition) { // different scope! let num = 2;
}
console.log(num); // 1 }
第59页
with for-loop
• each iterate creates its own block scope
for (let i = 0; i < 5; i++) { // new block scope is created for each iteration setTimeout(() => console.log(i), i * 100);
} // display "1", "2", "3", "4", "5"
第60页
const
• immutable value (not immutable object) • use like Java's final
const foo = 1; foo = 100; // Error! const foo = 1000; // Error! // properties are mutable const obj = {}; obj.foo = 1; // No error
第61页
Default Parameters
第62页
Incorrect default params
• Incorrect, but occur frequently
function add(a, b) { // if "a" is 0, 1 is assigned to "a". a = a || 1; b = b || 2; return a + b; } add(0, 0); // 1 + 2 = 3
第63页
OUT OHFaDAnTdE!made default params comparing to undefined
function add(a, b) { // correct, but awful.. if (a === undefined) { a = 1; } if (b === undefined) { b = 2; } return a + b;
} add(0, 0); // 0 + 0 = 0
第64页
ES6 Default Parameters
// default value for each param function add(a = 1, b = 2) {
return a + b; } add(); // 1 + 2 = 3 add(0); // 0 + 2 = 2 add(undefined, 0); // 1 + 0 = 1 add(0, 0); // 0 + 0 = 0
第65页
Rest Parameters
第66页
OUTaUOFrsgDeAuT"mEa! regnutsments" for variable-length
function foo(first, second) { console.log("first:", first); console.log("second:", second); // arguments is an ArrayLike, not an Array. var rest = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 2); console.log("rest:", rest);
} foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); // first: 1 // second: 2 // rest: [3, 4, 5]
第67页
ES6 Rest Params instead of arguments
• You don’t have to use `arguments`
function foo(first, second, ...rest) { console.log("first:", first); console.log("second:", second); console.log("rest:", rest);
} foo(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); // first: 1 // second: 2 // rest: [3, 4, 5]
第68页
Destructuring
第69页
Destructuring assignment
• Array assignment
let match = /(\d{4})(\d{2})(\d{2})/.exec("20151231"); // match: [2015151231, 2015, 12, 31] let [, year, month, day] = match; console.log(year, month, day); // 2015 12 31 // Swapping [x, y] = [y, x]
第70页
Destructuring assignment
• Object assignment
let {name: a, age: b} = {name: "Bob", age: 20}; console.log(a, b); // "Bob" 20 // shorthand let {name, age} = {name: "Bob", age: 20}; console.log(name, age); // "Bob" 20
第71页
Destructuring assignment
• Function params like "named-params" • Options object param
function draw(x, y, {width = 320, height = 160} = {}) { // do the task
} size(0, 0); size(0, 0, {}); size(0, 0, {width: 1}); size(0, 0, {height: 2}); size(0, 0, {width: 1, height: 2});
第72页
OUTHOFaDnATdEm! ade Options object handling
function draw(x, x, options) { if (options.width === undefined) { options.width = 320; } if (options.height === undefined) { options.height = 320; } // do the task
}
第73页
Template Literal
第74页
OUTCOFoDnATcEa! t with "+" or String#join()
// concat with variables var name = 'Bob'; var str = "Hello, I'm " + name + "."; // create multiple lines var multi = ["line1", "line2", "line3"].join("\n");
第75页
Template Literal
• back-quoted string
// interpolation var name = 'Bob'; var str = `Hello, I'm ${name}.`; // multiple lines var multi = `line1 line2 line3`;
第76页
Extended Object Literal
第77页
Extended object literal for shorthand
let foo = 1; let bar = 2; // shorthand let obj = {foo, bar}; // same as: {foo: foo, bar: bar};
let prefix = 'foo'; let obj = {
// computed property [prefix + 'abc']: 1, // method definition without "function" keyword foo() {
console.log('foo!'); } };
第78页
and…
• Iterator • Spread Operator • Generator • Tail Call Optimization
第79页
ES6 features
• New syntax • New built-in classes and objects • Improvement of existing classes
第80页
New built-in classes and objects
• Promise • Map • Set • WeakMap/WeakSet • TypedArray • Symbol • Proxy/Reflect
第81页
Promise
第82页
OUTCOFaDlAlbTEa! ck args for async API
function asyncTask(a, b, callback) { // ...some async task
if (error) { callback(error);
} else { callback(null, result);
} }
asyncTask(1, 2, function(error, result) { if (error) { // ...error handling }
console.log(result); });
第83页
OUTCOFaDlAlbTEa! ck args for async API
asyncTask1(function(error, result) { if (error) { // ...error handling } asyncTask2(function(error, result) { if (error) { // ...error handling } asyncTask3(function(error, result) { if (error) { // ...error handling } }); });
});
第84页
ES6 Promise
function asyncTask(a, b, callback) { // ...some async task
return new Promise((resolve, reject) => { if (error) { reject(error); } else { resolve(result); }
}); }
asyncTask(1, 2).then(result => { console.log(result);
}).catch(error => { // ...error handling
});
第85页
ES6 Promise
// series asyncTask1().then(result => {
return asyncTask2(); }).then(result => {
return asyncTask3(); }).catch(error => {
// ...error handling });
第86页
ES6 Promise
// parallel Promise.all([
asyncTask1(), asyncTask2(), asyncTask3() ]).then(results => { console.log(results[0]); // result of asyncTask1 });
第87页
Map/Set
第88页
OUTUOFsDeATOE!bject as a dictionary
• some special keys are dangerous
// some keys are dangerous var obj = {}; var key = "toString"; obj[key] = "value1"; String(obj); // TypeError: can't convert obj to string
第89页
OUTUOFsDeATOE!bject as a dictionary
• cannot use an object as a key
// cannot use object as a key var key1 = {name: "key1"}; var key2 = {name: "key2"}; obj[key1] = "value1"; obj[key2] = "value2"; console.log(obj[key1]); // "value2" console.log(Object.keys(obj)); // ["[object Object]"]
第90页
ES6 Map
// no dangerous keys let map = new Map(); map.set("toString", "value1"); map.get("toString"); // "value1" String(map); // "[object Map]" // object as a key let key1 = {}; let key2 = {}; let m = new Map(); m.set(key1, "v1"); m.set(key2, "v2"); m.get(key1); // "v1"
第91页
ES6 Set
• not easy to implement Set in ES5
let set = new Set(); set.add("value1"); console.log(set.size); // 1 // unique set.add("value1"); console.log(set.size); // 1
第92页
and…
• WeakMap/WeakSet • TypedArray • Symbol • Proxy/Reflect
第93页
ES6 features
• New syntax • New built-in classes and objects • Improvement of existing classes
第94页
Improvement of existing classes
• String • RegExp • Array • Object • Math • Number
第95页
Object
第96页
Object.assign
• no more $.extend() !
var target = {a: 1, b: 2}; var s1 = {b: 3, c: 4}; var s2 = {c: 5, d: 6}; var ret = Object.assign(target, s1, s2); console.log(target); // {a: 1, b: 3, c: 5, d: 6}
第97页
String
第98页
Unicode surrogate pair support
• valid
"𠮷野家".codePointAt(0).toString(16); // "20BB7" String.fromCodePoint(0x20BB7); // "𠮷"
第99页
New pitfalls
第100页
What's happen?
if (a => 1) { // ...
}
第101页
Oh! Arrow function!
// expected if (a >= 1) { } // arrow function! confusing.. if (a => 1) { } // clear if ((a) => 1) { }
第102页
ESLint
第104页
ES.next = ES2016?
第105页
The TC39 Process: Annual
• TC39 committee approves acceptance for each stage.
Stage 0: Strawman (idea) Stage 1: Proposal (problem, solution and demo/polyfill) Stage 2: Draft (initial spec) Stage 3: Candidate (review and feedback) Stage 4: Finished (two implementations at least)
• Stage 4 features are published as ES201X on July every year.
第107页
Stage 3: Candidate
第108页
Exponentiation Operator
// x ** y let squared = 2 ** 2; // same as: 2 * 2 let cubed = 2 ** 3; // same as: 2 * 2 * 2 // x **= y let a = 2; a **= 2; // same as: a = a * a;
第109页
Array.prototype.includes(str, pos)
[1, 2, 3].includes(2); // true [1, 2, 3].includes(4); // false [1, 2, NaN].includes(NaN); // true ["a", "b", "c"].includes("a", 0); // true ["a", "b", "c"].includes("a", 1); // false
第110页
Stage 2: Draft
第111页
Object.observe(obj, observer)
let records; function observer(recs) {
records = recs; }
let obj = {id: 1}; Object.observe(obj, observer);
obj.a = 'b'; obj.id++;
Object.deliverChangeRecords(observer); assertChangesAre(records, [
{object: obj, type: 'add', name: 'a'}, {object: obj, type: 'update', name: 'id', oldValue: 1} ]);
第112页
Async/await
async function chainAnimationsAsync(elem, animations) { let ret = null; try { for (let anim of animations) { ret = await anim(elem); } } catch(e) { /* ignore */ } return ret;
}
第113页
SIMD
• Single Instruction Multiple Data • Vector data calculation
let a = SIMD.Float32x4(1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0); let b = SIMD.Float32x4(5.0, 10.0, 15.0, 20.0); let c = SIMD.Float32x4.add(a,b); // c: (6.0, 12.0, 18.0, 24.0)
第114页
How can I get along with ES6 and ES.next?
第115页
May the Babel be with you!
• It's too far for all browsers to support ES6.
• IE11 will live until Jun 10, 2023…
• You will be able to stop transpiling features that browsers support natively.
• Also ES201X features are available via Babel.
第116页
Design your policy: Which ES6 features do you use?
• Which browsers/node.js do you support?
• If you need IE8 (ES3), it's not easy to use ES6…
• Which feature is effective for your project? • Is the feature easy to transpile/polyfill?
第117页
Easy to transpile/polyfill?
• No problem
Arrow function, let/const, Extended Object literal, Classes Extended function params, Template literal, Map/Set, Promise…
• Be careful/Partial
Module, Generator, Symbol
• Hard/Impossible
WeakMap/Set, Proxy, Reflect, Tail Call Optimization
第118页
Customize Babel config
• Specify TC39 Stage (default: Stage 2) • Specify your blacklist features
// .babelrc {
"stage": 3, "blacklist": [
"es6.tailCall", "regenerator" ] }
第119页
Conclusion
第120页
Conclusion
• ES6 is awesome! • Some best-practices are deprecated. • Try ES6 with Babel from now!
第121页
MUST BUY!
第122页
Thanks!